ABSTRACT
Efficient management of an epidemic requires identification and isolation of infected individuals from healthypopulation to curb community spread of the pathogen. Therefore, a faster and efficient diagnostic methodfor population screening is desirable to flatten the curve of daily raise of cases. This will also help medicalprofessional to treat the epidemic efficiently. The COVID 19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirusposes a huge challenge to human being and the countries with high-density population are facing uniquechallenges. For the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)emerging as a gold standard for the identification of infection; however, infrastructure requirement for thisassay is at a high-demand and therefore, resources are not abundant. We, therefore, propose a Polymerase ChainReaction (PCR)-based sensitive method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The pipeline discussedin the paper will broaden the scope of control and surveillance of COVID 19 in a high-throughput mannerwithout a sophisticated diagnostic infrastructure
ABSTRACT
Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is an increasingly prevalent chronic condition which is, unfortunately, still underdiagnosed. It is peculiarity of this noisy disease that it announces itself to everyone within earshot-except its victims. The intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation caused by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse are chiefly responsible for the pathophysiology associated with this condition.Methods: The present study was carried out from January 2014 to August 2015 in a tertiary care government hospital. In this comparative hospital based study 94 patients with Sleep Disordered Breathing and >13 years of age were included. There were 58 males and 36 females in the present study. All patients who satisfied inclusion criteria were studied after taking written consent. Collection of data was carried out with predesigned proforma.Results: Of all the 94 patients who underwent overnight Polysomnographic study,80 patients were diagnosed as Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Risk factor of OSA have gender differences in their distribution. Female patient is older with significantly higher mean age compared to male patients with OSA (52.9 vs 44.7 years). Females are having significantly higher BMI compared to male OSA(38.2 vs 31.5) but neck circumference is higher in males (44.7 Vs 38.1 cm).The prevalence of Smoking and Alcoholism as a risk factor is higher in male patients while endocrine disorder are more common in females. ENT abnormalities are present more or less equally in both the sexes.Conclusions: In the present study females’ patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea were mainly Older, Obese, Postmenopausal and endocrine disorder like Hypothyroidism were more prevalent while male patients were Smoker, Alcoholic and had higher neck circumference.
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Background: Analysis of TIMI risk score & correlation with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: This is a 12 months Observational Cross- sectional study conducted at NIMS Medical College and Hospital- a tertiary hospital in rural areas close to Jaipur. In this study we included 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction who were admitted to the coronary care unit of NIMS HOSPITAL JAIPUR during the year JAN 2015 –DEC 2015. The data obtained were analysed using Excel sheet/SPSS software. Tests of significance were done using the Chi - square test at 95% confidence interval. Results: According to our study myocardial infarction was more common in male compared to female (male:female ratio 4:1) Complications rate is significantly higher in male patients(p=0.0010) compared to female patients(p=0.0114). Mortality is increased with the increase in TIMI risk score. Conclusion: TIMI Risk score for ST segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) may be readily applied at the bedside at the time of hospital presentation and captures the majority of prognostic information offered by a full logistic regression model. The mortality increased proportionally with TIMI score. This risk assessment tool is likely to be clinically useful in the triage and management of patients eligible for fibrinolytic therapy and may also serve as a valuable aid in clinical research. Sufficiently simple to be practical at the bedside and effective for risk assessment across a heterogeneous spectrum of patients, the TIMI risk score may be clinically useful in the triage and treatment of patients with STEMI who undergo acute reperfusion therapy.
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Context: Precise intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is important in glaucoma practise. Various instruments are available today to accurately measure IOP. Thus, the question arises about which instrument to use and whether all of them can be used interchangeably. Aims: To assess the agreement between noncontact tonometer (NCT), rebound tonometer (RBT), Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), and dynamic contour tonometer (DCT) in measuring IOP. Subjects and Methods: 499 eyes of 250 patients were evaluated during a period of 24 months from September 2010 to August 2012 and measurement of IOP by NCT, RBT, GAT, and DCT was done in the given sequence. The agreement was assessed by use of the Bland–Altman plot keeping GAT as a gold standard technique. Results: The mean IOP value of NCT, RBT, GAT, and DCT was 15.9 ± 5.5, 15.9 ± 5.8, 15.9 ± 4.9, and 16.0 ± 4.7 mm of Hg, respectively. The limits of agreement of GAT with DCT, NCT, and RBT were found to be +5.4 to −5.2, −4.7 to +4.6, and −5.2 to +5.1 mm of Hg, respectively. Conclusions: A positive and strong correlation was found between newer tonometers and GAT, but the limit of agreement was clinically unacceptable. The use of a single tonometer should be practised at a glaucoma clinic for a patient at each follow‑up.
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We report a case of Broken heart Syndrome in a 56 year old Postmenopausal women suffered while undergoing simple biopsy procedures for vocal cord polyp that lead to physical, mental and financial burden both for the patient and doctors. The diagnosis of this case is made by a team of cardiologists based on clinical and echocardiographic findings.